Glossaire des codes-barres

150 termes clés et définitions de la technologie des codes-barres, organisés par thème.

Symbologies linéaires 1D

15

Terminology for traditional linear (one-dimensional) barcode symbologies used in retail, logistics, and healthcare.

UPC-A

12-digit retail barcode standard used in North America since 1974.

UPC-E

Compact 8-digit version of UPC-A using zero suppression.

EAN-13

13-digit barcode used worldwide for retail product identification.

EAN-8

Compact 8-digit barcode for small products with limited space.

Code 39

Variable-length alphanumeric barcode for letters and digits.

Code 128

High-density barcode encoding all 128 ASCII characters.

Code 93

Higher-density improvement of Code 39 with dual check characters.

Codabar

Self-checking barcode for libraries, blood banks, and airbills.

ITF-14

14-digit barcode for outer cartons and shipping containers.

GS1-128

Code 128 subset with GS1 Application Identifiers for supply chains.

GS1 DataBar

Compact barcode family for produce, coupons, and small items.

Entrelacé 2 de 5

Numeric-only barcode encoding digit pairs for logistics.

MSI Plessey

Inventory control barcode for shelf labels and warehouse racking.

Pharmacode

Pharmaceutical packaging barcode for production error detection.

POSTNET

US Postal barcode encoding ZIP codes for automated mail sorting.

Symbologies 2D et matricielles

10

Terms for two-dimensional and matrix barcode formats that encode data in patterns of squares, dots, or hexagons.

Data Matrix

2D matrix barcode storing up to 2,335 characters compactly.

PDF417

Stacked barcode for IDs, shipping labels, and boarding passes.

Code Aztec

2D barcode with bullseye pattern, no quiet zone needed.

MaxiCode

Fixed-size 2D barcode with hexagonal modules by UPS.

DotCode

2D barcode using disconnected dots for high-speed inkjet printing.

Code Han Xin

Chinese 2D barcode supporting native character encoding.

GS1 DataMatrix

Data Matrix with GS1 AIs for pharma and food traceability.

Micro PDF417

Compact PDF417 variant for small items and components.

Code Composite GS1

Linear barcode plus 2D composite for extra encoded data.

Code QR

2D matrix barcode encoding up to 7,089 numeric characters.

Anatomie et structure du code-barres

15

The physical components and structural elements that make up a barcode symbol.

Barre

Dark line element in a barcode that encodes data by width.

Espace

Light gap between bars that carries encoded data.

Module

Narrowest bar or space; the basic unit of barcode width.

Dimension X

Width of the narrowest bar or space; fundamental sizing unit.

Zone calme

Required blank margin on both sides of a barcode.

Caractère de début

Opening pattern identifying symbology and scan direction.

Caractère de fin

Closing pattern signaling the decoder to stop reading.

Barre de garde

Fixed patterns framing data in EAN/UPC barcodes.

Chiffre de contrôle

Calculated digit appended to barcode data for error detection.

Texte lisible par l'homme

Printed text below a barcode for manual entry backup.

Barre porteuse

Thick border preventing edge misreads, common on ITF-14.

Jeu de caractères

Characters a symbology can encode: numeric, alpha, or ASCII.

Autocontrôle

Symbology property ensuring single print errors are detectable.

Rapport large/étroit

Width ratio of wide to narrow elements in two-width barcodes.

Symbologie

Rules defining how data is encoded into bars and spaces.

Normes et identificateurs GS1

15

Global Standards One (GS1) identifiers, data structures, and numbering systems for supply chain identification.

GS1

Global standards body for barcodes, GTINs, and supply chains.

GTIN

Unique numeric product identifier encoded in EAN/UPC barcodes.

GTIN-8

8-digit product identifier for EAN-8 barcodes.

GTIN-12

12-digit product identifier for UPC-A barcodes in North America.

GTIN-13

13-digit product identifier for EAN-13, the global standard.

GTIN-14

14-digit identifier for ITF-14 barcodes on cases and pallets.

Préfixe Entreprise GS1

Unique GS1-assigned number forming the start of product GTINs.

Identificateur d'application

2-4 digit prefix defining data type in GS1-128 barcodes.

SSCC

18-digit GS1 identifier for pallets and shipping containers.

GLN

13-digit GS1 identifier for locations and business entities.

Lien Numérique GS1

Web URI standard enabling QR codes to replace traditional barcodes.

FNC1

Special character marking GS1-formatted data in barcodes.

Spécifications Générales GS1

Comprehensive GS1 document defining all barcode standards.

NDC

US FDA 10-digit drug identifier encoded in barcodes.

UDI

FDA system requiring barcodes on medical devices for tracking.

Chiffre de contrôle et validation

10

Algorithms and techniques for calculating and verifying barcode check digits to ensure data integrity.

Algorithme de chiffre de contrôle

Math formula calculating verification digits for error detection.

Modulo 10

Most common check digit algorithm, used by EAN/UPC barcodes.

Modulo 43

Code 39 check digit algorithm dividing character sums by 43.

Modulo 103

Code 128 check digit using weighted positional values mod 103.

Somme pondérée

Digit calculation using position-dependent multiplier weights.

Vérification des chiffres

Recalculating a check digit to confirm data integrity.

Mauvaise lecture

Scanner decoding incorrect data; detected by check digits.

Taux de lecture au premier passage

Percentage of successful reads on the first scan attempt.

Taux de décodage

Overall success percentage across multiple scan attempts.

Non-lecture

Failed scan where the barcode cannot be decoded at all.

Technologie de numérisation

12

Hardware and software technologies used to read and decode barcode symbols.

Scanner laser

Scanner using a swept laser beam to read reflected light.

Lecteur CCD

Scanner using a CCD sensor array with no moving parts.

Imageur de zone

Camera-based scanner reading 1D and 2D barcodes from any angle.

Scanner omnidirectionnel

Scanner reading barcodes regardless of orientation.

Numérisation mobile

Using smartphone cameras to scan barcodes via apps.

Profondeur de champ

Distance range for successful barcode scanner reads.

Ligne de scan

Path of the laser or sensor across a barcode during reading.

Réflectance

Percentage of light reflected by bars and spaces.

Signal de contraste d'impression

Reflectance difference between spaces and bars (PCS formula).

Algorithme de décodage

Software converting captured light patterns into barcode data.

Scanner de présentation

Fixed-mount hands-free scanner for retail checkout counters.

Scanner baguette

Pen-like contact scanner; the earliest barcode reader type.

Impression et qualité

12

Barcode printing methods, materials, and quality assessment standards.

Impression par transfert thermique

Heat-ribbon printing producing durable, high-quality barcodes.

Impression thermique directe

Heat-sensitive paper printing for temporary barcode labels.

Impression de codes-barres par jet d'encre

Inkjet printing for industrial case coding and production.

Gravure laser

Permanent barcode marking on metal, glass, or plastic via laser.

ISO/IEC 15416

International standard grading linear barcode print quality A-F.

ISO/IEC 15415

International standard for 2D barcode print quality grading.

Vérificateur de codes-barres

Device grading barcode print quality per ISO standards.

Grossissement

Barcode scaling factor relative to nominal size (80%-200%).

Troncature

Reducing barcode height below spec, risking scan reliability.

Réduction de la largeur des barres

Narrowing bars in prepress to compensate for ink spread.

Étalement de l'encre

Printed bars widening from ink absorption, affecting readability.

Substrat

Material a barcode is printed on, affecting print quality.

Distribution et chaîne d'approvisionnement

12

Barcode applications in retail point-of-sale, inventory management, and supply chain operations.

Point de vente

Retail checkout system scanning barcodes for pricing.

SKU

Retailer's internal product identifier, distinct from GTIN.

Code PLU

4-5 digit number for fresh produce at retail checkout.

Code-barres de coupon

Barcode encoding coupon value and manufacturer for POS redemption.

Supplément EAN

2- or 5-digit add-on for periodicals and book pricing.

Marquage de caisse

Barcoding outer shipping cases for warehouse operations.

Étiquette de palette

GS1-128 label on pallets encoding SSCC and product data.

Cross-docking

Logistics process redirecting scanned goods without storage.

EDI

Automated business communication triggered by barcode events.

Avis d'expédition anticipé

Pre-delivery EDI document with scannable SSCC data.

Scan de réception

Scanning incoming shipments to update and verify inventory.

Démarque

Inventory loss from theft, damage, or scan errors.

Santé et pharmacie

12

Barcode systems for patient safety, drug traceability, and medical device identification.

HIBC

Healthcare barcode standard predating GS1 in hospitals.

FMD

EU regulation requiring serialized 2D barcodes on drug packaging.

Sérialisation

Assigning unique serial numbers to products for track-and-trace.

Agrégation

Linking individual item barcodes to their shipping containers.

Traçabilité du médicament

Record of each drug custody transfer verified by barcode scans.

DSCSA

US law requiring barcode serialization of pharmaceuticals.

Scan au chevet du patient

Scanning wristband and medication barcodes to prevent errors.

Code-barres de bracelet

Patient wristband barcode for hospital identification.

Étiquetage des échantillons

Barcoding blood samples and lab specimens to prevent errors.

Code-barres de banque de sang

ISBT 128 barcodes on blood products encoding donation data.

Code-barres de vaccin

GS1 DataMatrix on vaccine vials encoding NDC and lot data.

Code-barres d'instrument chirurgical

Laser-etched Data Matrix on instruments for sterilization tracking.

Logistique et entreposage

10

Barcode-driven processes in warehouse management, shipping, and last-mile delivery.

Gestion d'entrepôt

Barcode-driven inventory, picking, packing, and shipping.

Picking lumineux

Barcode scanning with illuminated pick locations.

Code-barres de localisation

Barcodes on shelves and bins encoding storage location IDs.

Inventaire tournant

Periodic barcode-scanned verification of selected inventory.

Picking par vagues

Processing multiple orders simultaneously via barcode scanning.

Suivi du dernier kilomètre

Barcode scanning at each stage from warehouse to doorstep.

Preuve de livraison

Electronic delivery confirmation via barcode scans and signatures.

Tri

Automated conveyor routing packages via barcode scanning.

Poids volumétrique

Shipping cost calculation from package dimensions.

Picking vocal

Voice-directed picking with barcode scan verification.

Normes et réglementations

12

International standards organizations and regulatory frameworks governing barcode implementation.

ISO/IEC

Joint body publishing international barcode standards.

AIM International

Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility standards.

ANSI

US standards body that adopted barcode symbology standards.

Organisation Membre GS1

National GS1 affiliates assigning company prefixes locally.

Date Sunrise

GS1 deadline for mandatory new barcode format acceptance.

Étiquetage de conformité

Meeting barcode labeling requirements to avoid chargebacks.

Rétrofacturation

Retailer penalty for non-compliant or unreadable barcodes.

Porteur de données

Physical barcode symbol carrying encoded data.

Identificateur de symbologie

Scanner-transmitted prefix identifying the barcode type read.

Identification automatique

Technology category: barcodes, RFID, NFC, and biometrics.

Structure de données

Defined format and meaning of barcode-encoded data.

Norme d'application

Industry-specific barcode rules like HIBC or AIAG standards.

Histoire et innovation

15

Key milestones, inventions, and innovations in the evolution of barcode technology.

Brevet Woodland et Silver

1949 US patent describing the first barcode concept.

Code-barres œil de bœuf

Original 1949 circular barcode inspired by Morse code.

Premier Scan UPC

June 26, 1974: first product barcode scan in Troy, Ohio.

IBM et les Codes-Barres

George Laurer at IBM designed UPC-A in 1973.

Innovation 2D de DENSO WAVE

DENSO WAVE invented QR Code in 1994 for consumer use.

UPS et MaxiCode

UPS developed MaxiCode in 1992 for package sorting.

Comité Ad Hoc

1970s committee that selected UPC from competing proposals.

Invention du scan laser

1970s HeNe laser scanners enabling high-speed barcode reading.

Création du GS1

2005 merger of EAN International and UCC into GS1.

Sunrise 2005

2005 deadline requiring scanners to read both UPC-A and EAN-13.

Évolution du code-barres 2D

1980s-1990s development of PDF417, Data Matrix, and QR codes.

RFID vs code-barres

Ongoing comparison of RFID tags versus barcodes for Auto-ID.

Avenir du Lien Numérique GS1

GS1 initiative replacing barcodes with QR-based web URIs by 2027.

Commerce mobile et codes-barres

Barcode transformation via smartphone scanning and mobile payments.

Codage-barres durable

Eco-friendly barcoding with recycled labels and soy-based inks.

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Questions fréquemment posées

Que couvre le glossaire des codes-barres ?

Le glossaire définit plus de 150 termes de codes-barres dans 12catégories incluant les symbologies, les algorithmes d'encodage, lesspécifications d'impression et les normes GS1.

Qu'est-ce qu'une symbologie de codes-barres ?

Une symbologie de codes-barres est la norme d'encodage spécifique quidéfinit le motif de barres et d'espaces utilisé pour représenter lesdonnées dans un code-barres.

Quelle est la différence entre les codes-barres 1D et 2D ?

Les codes-barres 1D encodent les données dans la largeur des barreshorizontales ; les codes-barres 2D encodent les données dans desmotifs horizontaux et verticaux, stockant bien plus d'informations.

Qu'est-ce qu'une zone calme dans un code-barres ?

Une zone calme est la marge vierge d'espace blanc requise de chaquecôté d'un code-barres pour permettre aux lecteurs de le distinguer ducontenu environnant.