UPC-E

Zero suppression compresses a twelve-digit UPC-A into the eight characters of UPC-E by removing defined runs of zeros from the manufacturer prefix or item reference and re-encoding the remainder. The result occupies roughly half the label width of UPC-A at the same 0.264 mm X-dimension and 22.85 mm bar height, which is why packaging for cosmetics, confectionery, and other small retail goods carries it. Quiet zones narrow to seven modules on each side. Only UPC-A numbers matching the zero-suppression patterns can be represented, and a number that does not match cannot be expressed in this form at all. Scanners expand the eight digits back to the full GTIN-12 before the point-of-sale system sees them, so item lookup is identical to UPC-A. IBM introduced the variant alongside UPC-A in 1974; its character set is numeric only.