Глоссарий штрих-кодов
150 ключевых терминов и определений в технологии штрих-кодов, сгруппированных по темам.
1D линейные символогии
15Terminology for traditional linear (one-dimensional) barcode symbologies used in retail, logistics, and healthcare.
UPC-A
12-digit retail barcode standard used in North America since 1974.
ИзбранноеUPC-E
Compact 8-digit version of UPC-A using zero suppression.
EAN-13
13-digit barcode used worldwide for retail product identification.
ИзбранноеEAN-8
Compact 8-digit barcode for small products with limited space.
Code 39
Variable-length alphanumeric barcode for letters and digits.
ИзбранноеCode 128
High-density barcode encoding all 128 ASCII characters.
ИзбранноеCode 93
Higher-density improvement of Code 39 with dual check characters.
Codabar
Self-checking barcode for libraries, blood banks, and airbills.
ITF-14
14-digit barcode for outer cartons and shipping containers.
GS1-128
Code 128 subset with GS1 Application Identifiers for supply chains.
ИзбранноеGS1 DataBar
Compact barcode family for produce, coupons, and small items.
Чередующийся 2 из 5
Numeric-only barcode encoding digit pairs for logistics.
MSI Plessey
Inventory control barcode for shelf labels and warehouse racking.
Pharmacode
Pharmaceutical packaging barcode for production error detection.
POSTNET
US Postal barcode encoding ZIP codes for automated mail sorting.
2D и матричные символогии
10Terms for two-dimensional and matrix barcode formats that encode data in patterns of squares, dots, or hexagons.
Data Matrix
2D matrix barcode storing up to 2,335 characters compactly.
ИзбранноеPDF417
Stacked barcode for IDs, shipping labels, and boarding passes.
ИзбранноеAztec Code
2D barcode with bullseye pattern, no quiet zone needed.
MaxiCode
Fixed-size 2D barcode with hexagonal modules by UPS.
DotCode
2D barcode using disconnected dots for high-speed inkjet printing.
Han Xin Code
Chinese 2D barcode supporting native character encoding.
GS1 DataMatrix
Data Matrix with GS1 AIs for pharma and food traceability.
ИзбранноеMicro PDF417
Compact PDF417 variant for small items and components.
Составной код GS1
Linear barcode plus 2D composite for extra encoded data.
QR-код
2D matrix barcode encoding up to 7,089 numeric characters.
ИзбранноеАнатомия и структура штрихкода
15The physical components and structural elements that make up a barcode symbol.
Штрих
Dark line element in a barcode that encodes data by width.
Пробел
Light gap between bars that carries encoded data.
Модуль
Narrowest bar or space; the basic unit of barcode width.
ИзбранноеX-размер
Width of the narrowest bar or space; fundamental sizing unit.
ИзбранноеТихая зона
Required blank margin on both sides of a barcode.
ИзбранноеСтартовый символ
Opening pattern identifying symbology and scan direction.
Стоповый символ
Closing pattern signaling the decoder to stop reading.
Охранная полоса
Fixed patterns framing data in EAN/UPC barcodes.
Контрольная цифра
Calculated digit appended to barcode data for error detection.
ИзбранноеТекст для чтения человеком
Printed text below a barcode for manual entry backup.
Несущая полоса
Thick border preventing edge misreads, common on ITF-14.
Набор символов
Characters a symbology can encode: numeric, alpha, or ASCII.
Самоконтроль
Symbology property ensuring single print errors are detectable.
Соотношение широкий/узкий
Width ratio of wide to narrow elements in two-width barcodes.
Симвология
Rules defining how data is encoded into bars and spaces.
ИзбранноеСтандарты и идентификаторы GS1
15Global Standards One (GS1) identifiers, data structures, and numbering systems for supply chain identification.
GS1
Global standards body for barcodes, GTINs, and supply chains.
ИзбранноеGTIN
Unique numeric product identifier encoded in EAN/UPC barcodes.
ИзбранноеGTIN-8
8-digit product identifier for EAN-8 barcodes.
GTIN-12
12-digit product identifier for UPC-A barcodes in North America.
GTIN-13
13-digit product identifier for EAN-13, the global standard.
GTIN-14
14-digit identifier for ITF-14 barcodes on cases and pallets.
Префикс компании GS1
Unique GS1-assigned number forming the start of product GTINs.
ИзбранноеИдентификатор применения
2-4 digit prefix defining data type in GS1-128 barcodes.
ИзбранноеSSCC
18-digit GS1 identifier for pallets and shipping containers.
GLN
13-digit GS1 identifier for locations and business entities.
Цифровая ссылка GS1
Web URI standard enabling QR codes to replace traditional barcodes.
ИзбранноеFNC1
Special character marking GS1-formatted data in barcodes.
Общие спецификации GS1
Comprehensive GS1 document defining all barcode standards.
NDC
US FDA 10-digit drug identifier encoded in barcodes.
UDI
FDA system requiring barcodes on medical devices for tracking.
Контрольная цифра и валидация
10Algorithms and techniques for calculating and verifying barcode check digits to ensure data integrity.
Алгоритм контрольной цифры
Math formula calculating verification digits for error detection.
ИзбранноеМодуло 10
Most common check digit algorithm, used by EAN/UPC barcodes.
ИзбранноеМодуло 43
Code 39 check digit algorithm dividing character sums by 43.
Модуло 103
Code 128 check digit using weighted positional values mod 103.
Взвешенная сумма
Digit calculation using position-dependent multiplier weights.
Верификация цифры
Recalculating a check digit to confirm data integrity.
Ошибка считывания
Scanner decoding incorrect data; detected by check digits.
Процент считывания с первого прохода
Percentage of successful reads on the first scan attempt.
Процент декодирования
Overall success percentage across multiple scan attempts.
Отказ считывания
Failed scan where the barcode cannot be decoded at all.
Технология сканирования
12Hardware and software technologies used to read and decode barcode symbols.
Лазерный сканер
Scanner using a swept laser beam to read reflected light.
ИзбранноеCCD-сканер
Scanner using a CCD sensor array with no moving parts.
Площадной имиджер
Camera-based scanner reading 1D and 2D barcodes from any angle.
ИзбранноеВсенаправленный сканер
Scanner reading barcodes regardless of orientation.
Мобильное сканирование
Using smartphone cameras to scan barcodes via apps.
ИзбранноеГлубина резкости
Distance range for successful barcode scanner reads.
Линия сканирования
Path of the laser or sensor across a barcode during reading.
Отражательная способность
Percentage of light reflected by bars and spaces.
Сигнал печатного контраста
Reflectance difference between spaces and bars (PCS formula).
Алгоритм декодирования
Software converting captured light patterns into barcode data.
Презентационный сканер
Fixed-mount hands-free scanner for retail checkout counters.
Карандашный сканер
Pen-like contact scanner; the earliest barcode reader type.
Печать и качество
12Barcode printing methods, materials, and quality assessment standards.
Термотрансферная печать
Heat-ribbon printing producing durable, high-quality barcodes.
ИзбранноеПрямая термопечать
Heat-sensitive paper printing for temporary barcode labels.
Струйная печать штрихкодов
Inkjet printing for industrial case coding and production.
Лазерное травление
Permanent barcode marking on metal, glass, or plastic via laser.
ISO/IEC 15416
International standard grading linear barcode print quality A-F.
ИзбранноеISO/IEC 15415
International standard for 2D barcode print quality grading.
Верификатор штрихкодов
Device grading barcode print quality per ISO standards.
Увеличение
Barcode scaling factor relative to nominal size (80%-200%).
Усечение
Reducing barcode height below spec, risking scan reliability.
Уменьшение ширины штриха
Narrowing bars in prepress to compensate for ink spread.
Растекание чернил
Printed bars widening from ink absorption, affecting readability.
Подложка
Material a barcode is printed on, affecting print quality.
Розница и цепочка поставок
12Barcode applications in retail point-of-sale, inventory management, and supply chain operations.
Точка продажи
Retail checkout system scanning barcodes for pricing.
ИзбранноеSKU
Retailer's internal product identifier, distinct from GTIN.
Код PLU
4-5 digit number for fresh produce at retail checkout.
Купонный штрихкод
Barcode encoding coupon value and manufacturer for POS redemption.
Дополнительный код EAN
2- or 5-digit add-on for periodicals and book pricing.
Маркировка ящика
Barcoding outer shipping cases for warehouse operations.
Этикетка поддона
GS1-128 label on pallets encoding SSCC and product data.
Кросс-докинг
Logistics process redirecting scanned goods without storage.
EDI
Automated business communication triggered by barcode events.
Предварительное уведомление об отгрузке
Pre-delivery EDI document with scannable SSCC data.
Сканирование при приёмке
Scanning incoming shipments to update and verify inventory.
Товарные потери
Inventory loss from theft, damage, or scan errors.
Здравоохранение и фармацевтика
12Barcode systems for patient safety, drug traceability, and medical device identification.
HIBC
Healthcare barcode standard predating GS1 in hospitals.
FMD
EU regulation requiring serialized 2D barcodes on drug packaging.
ИзбранноеСериализация
Assigning unique serial numbers to products for track-and-trace.
ИзбранноеАгрегация
Linking individual item barcodes to their shipping containers.
Паспорт лекарственного средства
Record of each drug custody transfer verified by barcode scans.
DSCSA
US law requiring barcode serialization of pharmaceuticals.
ИзбранноеПрикроватное сканирование
Scanning wristband and medication barcodes to prevent errors.
Штрихкод браслета
Patient wristband barcode for hospital identification.
Маркировка образцов
Barcoding blood samples and lab specimens to prevent errors.
Штрихкод банка крови
ISBT 128 barcodes on blood products encoding donation data.
Штрихкод вакцины
GS1 DataMatrix on vaccine vials encoding NDC and lot data.
Штрихкод хирургического инструмента
Laser-etched Data Matrix on instruments for sterilization tracking.
Логистика и складирование
10Barcode-driven processes in warehouse management, shipping, and last-mile delivery.
Управление складом
Barcode-driven inventory, picking, packing, and shipping.
ИзбранноеПодбор по световому указателю
Barcode scanning with illuminated pick locations.
Штрихкод местоположения
Barcodes on shelves and bins encoding storage location IDs.
Цикличный пересчёт
Periodic barcode-scanned verification of selected inventory.
Волновой подбор
Processing multiple orders simultaneously via barcode scanning.
Отслеживание последней мили
Barcode scanning at each stage from warehouse to doorstep.
Подтверждение доставки
Electronic delivery confirmation via barcode scans and signatures.
Сортировка
Automated conveyor routing packages via barcode scanning.
Объёмный вес
Shipping cost calculation from package dimensions.
Голосовой подбор
Voice-directed picking with barcode scan verification.
Стандарты и нормативы
12International standards organizations and regulatory frameworks governing barcode implementation.
ISO/IEC
Joint body publishing international barcode standards.
AIM International
Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility standards.
ANSI
US standards body that adopted barcode symbology standards.
Организация-член GS1
National GS1 affiliates assigning company prefixes locally.
Дата Sunrise
GS1 deadline for mandatory new barcode format acceptance.
Маркировка соответствия
Meeting barcode labeling requirements to avoid chargebacks.
Штраф за несоответствие
Retailer penalty for non-compliant or unreadable barcodes.
Носитель данных
Physical barcode symbol carrying encoded data.
Идентификатор символогии
Scanner-transmitted prefix identifying the barcode type read.
Автоматическая идентификация
Technology category: barcodes, RFID, NFC, and biometrics.
Структура данных
Defined format and meaning of barcode-encoded data.
Прикладной стандарт
Industry-specific barcode rules like HIBC or AIAG standards.
История и инновации
15Key milestones, inventions, and innovations in the evolution of barcode technology.
Патент Вудланда и Силвера
1949 US patent describing the first barcode concept.
ИзбранноеШтрихкод «бычий глаз»
Original 1949 circular barcode inspired by Morse code.
Первое сканирование UPC
June 26, 1974: first product barcode scan in Troy, Ohio.
ИзбранноеIBM и штрих-коды
George Laurer at IBM designed UPC-A in 1973.
Инновации DENSO WAVE в 2D
DENSO WAVE invented QR Code in 1994 for consumer use.
UPS и MaxiCode
UPS developed MaxiCode in 1992 for package sorting.
Специальный комитет
1970s committee that selected UPC from competing proposals.
Изобретение лазерного сканирования
1970s HeNe laser scanners enabling high-speed barcode reading.
Основание GS1
2005 merger of EAN International and UCC into GS1.
Sunrise 2005
2005 deadline requiring scanners to read both UPC-A and EAN-13.
Эволюция 2D штрихкодов
1980s-1990s development of PDF417, Data Matrix, and QR codes.
RFID против штрихкода
Ongoing comparison of RFID tags versus barcodes for Auto-ID.
Будущее цифровой ссылки GS1
GS1 initiative replacing barcodes with QR-based web URIs by 2027.
Мобильная коммерция и штрихкоды
Barcode transformation via smartphone scanning and mobile payments.
Устойчивое штрихкодирование
Eco-friendly barcoding with recycled labels and soy-based inks.
Часто задаваемые вопросы
Что охватывает глоссарий штрихкодов?
The glossary defines 150+ barcode terms across 12 categories including symbologies, encoding algorithms, print specifications, and GS1 standards.
Что такое символика штрихкода?
A barcode symbology is the specific encoding standard that defines the pattern of bars and spaces used to represent data in a barcode.
В чём разница между одномерными и двумерными штрихкодами?
1D barcodes encode data in horizontal bar widths; 2D barcodes encode data in both horizontal and vertical patterns, storing far more information.
What is a quiet zone in a barcode?
A quiet zone is the blank margin of white space required on each side of a barcode to allow scanners to distinguish it from surrounding content.