Glosario de Códigos de Barras

150 términos clave y definiciones en tecnología de código de barras, organizados por tema.

Simbologías lineales 1D

15

Terminology for traditional linear (one-dimensional) barcode symbologies used in retail, logistics, and healthcare.

UPC-A

12-digit retail barcode standard used in North America since 1974.

UPC-E

Compact 8-digit version of UPC-A using zero suppression.

EAN-13

13-digit barcode used worldwide for retail product identification.

EAN-8

Compact 8-digit barcode for small products with limited space.

Code 39

Variable-length alphanumeric barcode for letters and digits.

Code 128

High-density barcode encoding all 128 ASCII characters.

Code 93

Higher-density improvement of Code 39 with dual check characters.

Codabar

Self-checking barcode for libraries, blood banks, and airbills.

ITF-14

14-digit barcode for outer cartons and shipping containers.

GS1-128

Code 128 subset with GS1 Application Identifiers for supply chains.

GS1 DataBar

Compact barcode family for produce, coupons, and small items.

Intercalado 2 de 5

Numeric-only barcode encoding digit pairs for logistics.

MSI Plessey

Inventory control barcode for shelf labels and warehouse racking.

Pharmacode

Pharmaceutical packaging barcode for production error detection.

POSTNET

US Postal barcode encoding ZIP codes for automated mail sorting.

Simbologías 2D y matriciales

10

Terms for two-dimensional and matrix barcode formats that encode data in patterns of squares, dots, or hexagons.

Data Matrix

2D matrix barcode storing up to 2,335 characters compactly.

PDF417

Stacked barcode for IDs, shipping labels, and boarding passes.

Código Aztec

2D barcode with bullseye pattern, no quiet zone needed.

MaxiCode

Fixed-size 2D barcode with hexagonal modules by UPS.

DotCode

2D barcode using disconnected dots for high-speed inkjet printing.

Código Han Xin

Chinese 2D barcode supporting native character encoding.

GS1 DataMatrix

Data Matrix with GS1 AIs for pharma and food traceability.

Micro PDF417

Compact PDF417 variant for small items and components.

Código Compuesto GS1

Linear barcode plus 2D composite for extra encoded data.

Código QR

2D matrix barcode encoding up to 7,089 numeric characters.

Anatomía y estructura del código de barras

15

The physical components and structural elements that make up a barcode symbol.

Barra

Dark line element in a barcode that encodes data by width.

Espacio

Light gap between bars that carries encoded data.

Módulo

Narrowest bar or space; the basic unit of barcode width.

Dimensión X

Width of the narrowest bar or space; fundamental sizing unit.

Zona de silencio

Required blank margin on both sides of a barcode.

Carácter de inicio

Opening pattern identifying symbology and scan direction.

Carácter de parada

Closing pattern signaling the decoder to stop reading.

Barra de guarda

Fixed patterns framing data in EAN/UPC barcodes.

Dígito de control

Calculated digit appended to barcode data for error detection.

Texto legible por humanos

Printed text below a barcode for manual entry backup.

Barra portadora

Thick border preventing edge misreads, common on ITF-14.

Conjunto de caracteres

Characters a symbology can encode: numeric, alpha, or ASCII.

Autocomprobación

Symbology property ensuring single print errors are detectable.

Relación ancho-estrecho

Width ratio of wide to narrow elements in two-width barcodes.

Simbología

Rules defining how data is encoded into bars and spaces.

Estándares e identificadores GS1

15

Global Standards One (GS1) identifiers, data structures, and numbering systems for supply chain identification.

GS1

Global standards body for barcodes, GTINs, and supply chains.

GTIN

Unique numeric product identifier encoded in EAN/UPC barcodes.

GTIN-8

8-digit product identifier for EAN-8 barcodes.

GTIN-12

12-digit product identifier for UPC-A barcodes in North America.

GTIN-13

13-digit product identifier for EAN-13, the global standard.

GTIN-14

14-digit identifier for ITF-14 barcodes on cases and pallets.

Prefijo de Empresa GS1

Unique GS1-assigned number forming the start of product GTINs.

Identificador de aplicación

2-4 digit prefix defining data type in GS1-128 barcodes.

SSCC

18-digit GS1 identifier for pallets and shipping containers.

GLN

13-digit GS1 identifier for locations and business entities.

Enlace Digital GS1

Web URI standard enabling QR codes to replace traditional barcodes.

FNC1

Special character marking GS1-formatted data in barcodes.

Especificaciones Generales GS1

Comprehensive GS1 document defining all barcode standards.

NDC

US FDA 10-digit drug identifier encoded in barcodes.

UDI

FDA system requiring barcodes on medical devices for tracking.

Dígito de control y validación

10

Algorithms and techniques for calculating and verifying barcode check digits to ensure data integrity.

Algoritmo de dígito de control

Math formula calculating verification digits for error detection.

Módulo 10

Most common check digit algorithm, used by EAN/UPC barcodes.

Módulo 43

Code 39 check digit algorithm dividing character sums by 43.

Módulo 103

Code 128 check digit using weighted positional values mod 103.

Suma ponderada

Digit calculation using position-dependent multiplier weights.

Verificación de dígitos

Recalculating a check digit to confirm data integrity.

Lectura errónea

Scanner decoding incorrect data; detected by check digits.

Tasa de lectura en primer intento

Percentage of successful reads on the first scan attempt.

Tasa de decodificación

Overall success percentage across multiple scan attempts.

Sin lectura

Failed scan where the barcode cannot be decoded at all.

Tecnología de lectura

12

Hardware and software technologies used to read and decode barcode symbols.

Escáner láser

Scanner using a swept laser beam to read reflected light.

Escáner CCD

Scanner using a CCD sensor array with no moving parts.

Lector de área

Camera-based scanner reading 1D and 2D barcodes from any angle.

Escáner omnidireccional

Scanner reading barcodes regardless of orientation.

Lectura móvil

Using smartphone cameras to scan barcodes via apps.

Profundidad de campo

Distance range for successful barcode scanner reads.

Línea de exploración

Path of the laser or sensor across a barcode during reading.

Reflectancia

Percentage of light reflected by bars and spaces.

Señal de contraste de impresión

Reflectance difference between spaces and bars (PCS formula).

Algoritmo de decodificación

Software converting captured light patterns into barcode data.

Escáner de presentación

Fixed-mount hands-free scanner for retail checkout counters.

Escáner de varita

Pen-like contact scanner; the earliest barcode reader type.

Impresión y calidad

12

Barcode printing methods, materials, and quality assessment standards.

Impresión por transferencia térmica

Heat-ribbon printing producing durable, high-quality barcodes.

Impresión térmica directa

Heat-sensitive paper printing for temporary barcode labels.

Impresión de códigos de barras por inyección de tinta

Inkjet printing for industrial case coding and production.

Grabado láser

Permanent barcode marking on metal, glass, or plastic via laser.

ISO/IEC 15416

International standard grading linear barcode print quality A-F.

ISO/IEC 15415

International standard for 2D barcode print quality grading.

Verificador de códigos de barras

Device grading barcode print quality per ISO standards.

Ampliación

Barcode scaling factor relative to nominal size (80%-200%).

Truncamiento

Reducing barcode height below spec, risking scan reliability.

Reducción del ancho de barra

Narrowing bars in prepress to compensate for ink spread.

Dispersión de tinta

Printed bars widening from ink absorption, affecting readability.

Sustrato

Material a barcode is printed on, affecting print quality.

Minorista y cadena de suministro

12

Barcode applications in retail point-of-sale, inventory management, and supply chain operations.

Punto de venta

Retail checkout system scanning barcodes for pricing.

SKU

Retailer's internal product identifier, distinct from GTIN.

Código PLU

4-5 digit number for fresh produce at retail checkout.

Código de barras de cupón

Barcode encoding coupon value and manufacturer for POS redemption.

Suplemento EAN

2- or 5-digit add-on for periodicals and book pricing.

Marcado de caja

Barcoding outer shipping cases for warehouse operations.

Etiqueta de pallet

GS1-128 label on pallets encoding SSCC and product data.

Cross-docking

Logistics process redirecting scanned goods without storage.

EDI

Automated business communication triggered by barcode events.

Aviso de envío anticipado

Pre-delivery EDI document with scannable SSCC data.

Escaneo de recepción

Scanning incoming shipments to update and verify inventory.

Merma

Inventory loss from theft, damage, or scan errors.

Sanidad y farmacia

12

Barcode systems for patient safety, drug traceability, and medical device identification.

HIBC

Healthcare barcode standard predating GS1 in hospitals.

FMD

EU regulation requiring serialized 2D barcodes on drug packaging.

Serialización

Assigning unique serial numbers to products for track-and-trace.

Agregación

Linking individual item barcodes to their shipping containers.

Historial del medicamento

Record of each drug custody transfer verified by barcode scans.

DSCSA

US law requiring barcode serialization of pharmaceuticals.

Escaneo a pie de cama

Scanning wristband and medication barcodes to prevent errors.

Código de barras en pulsera

Patient wristband barcode for hospital identification.

Etiquetado de muestras

Barcoding blood samples and lab specimens to prevent errors.

Código de barras de banco de sangre

ISBT 128 barcodes on blood products encoding donation data.

Código de barras de vacuna

GS1 DataMatrix on vaccine vials encoding NDC and lot data.

Código de barras de instrumento quirúrgico

Laser-etched Data Matrix on instruments for sterilization tracking.

Logística y almacenamiento

10

Barcode-driven processes in warehouse management, shipping, and last-mile delivery.

Gestión de almacén

Barcode-driven inventory, picking, packing, and shipping.

Recolección guiada por luz

Barcode scanning with illuminated pick locations.

Código de barras de ubicación

Barcodes on shelves and bins encoding storage location IDs.

Conteo cíclico

Periodic barcode-scanned verification of selected inventory.

Picking por oleadas

Processing multiple orders simultaneously via barcode scanning.

Seguimiento de última milla

Barcode scanning at each stage from warehouse to doorstep.

Comprobante de entrega

Electronic delivery confirmation via barcode scans and signatures.

Clasificación

Automated conveyor routing packages via barcode scanning.

Peso volumétrico

Shipping cost calculation from package dimensions.

Picking por voz

Voice-directed picking with barcode scan verification.

Normas y reglamentos

12

International standards organizations and regulatory frameworks governing barcode implementation.

ISO/IEC

Joint body publishing international barcode standards.

AIM Internacional

Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility standards.

ANSI

US standards body that adopted barcode symbology standards.

Organización Miembro GS1

National GS1 affiliates assigning company prefixes locally.

Fecha Amanecer

GS1 deadline for mandatory new barcode format acceptance.

Etiquetado de cumplimiento

Meeting barcode labeling requirements to avoid chargebacks.

Cargo por incumplimiento

Retailer penalty for non-compliant or unreadable barcodes.

Portador de datos

Physical barcode symbol carrying encoded data.

Identificador de simbología

Scanner-transmitted prefix identifying the barcode type read.

Identificación automática

Technology category: barcodes, RFID, NFC, and biometrics.

Estructura de datos

Defined format and meaning of barcode-encoded data.

Estándar de aplicación

Industry-specific barcode rules like HIBC or AIAG standards.

Historia e innovación

15

Key milestones, inventions, and innovations in the evolution of barcode technology.

Patente Woodland y Silver

1949 US patent describing the first barcode concept.

Código de barras ojo de toro

Original 1949 circular barcode inspired by Morse code.

Primer Escaneo UPC

June 26, 1974: first product barcode scan in Troy, Ohio.

IBM y los Códigos de Barras

George Laurer at IBM designed UPC-A in 1973.

Innovación 2D de DENSO WAVE

DENSO WAVE invented QR Code in 1994 for consumer use.

UPS y MaxiCode

UPS developed MaxiCode in 1992 for package sorting.

Comité Ad Hoc

1970s committee that selected UPC from competing proposals.

Invención del escaneo láser

1970s HeNe laser scanners enabling high-speed barcode reading.

Formación de GS1

2005 merger of EAN International and UCC into GS1.

Amanecer 2005

2005 deadline requiring scanners to read both UPC-A and EAN-13.

Evolución del código de barras 2D

1980s-1990s development of PDF417, Data Matrix, and QR codes.

RFID vs código de barras

Ongoing comparison of RFID tags versus barcodes for Auto-ID.

Futuro del Enlace Digital GS1

GS1 initiative replacing barcodes with QR-based web URIs by 2027.

Comercio móvil y códigos de barras

Barcode transformation via smartphone scanning and mobile payments.

Codificación de barras sostenible

Eco-friendly barcoding with recycled labels and soy-based inks.

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Preguntas Frecuentes

¿Qué cubre el glosario de códigos de barras?

El glosario define más de 150 términos de códigos de barras en 12categorías, incluyendo simbologías, algoritmos de codificación,especificaciones de impresión y estándares GS1.

¿Qué es una simbología de código de barras?

Una simbología de código de barras es el estándar de codificaciónespecífico que define el patrón de barras y espacios utilizado pararepresentar datos en un código de barras.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre códigos de barras 1D y 2D?

Los códigos de barras 1D codifican datos en anchos de barrashorizontales; los códigos de barras 2D codifican datos en patronestanto horizontales como verticales, almacenando mucha más información.

¿Qué es una zona de silencio en un código de barras?

Una zona de silencio es el margen en blanco de espacio vacíorequerido en cada lado de un código de barras para permitir que losescáneres lo distingan del contenido circundante.