条形码术语表
按主题整理的 150 个条形码技术核心术语与定义。
一维线性符号体系
15Terminology for traditional linear (one-dimensional) barcode symbologies used in retail, logistics, and healthcare.
UPC-A
12-digit retail barcode standard used in North America since 1974.
精选UPC-E
Compact 8-digit version of UPC-A using zero suppression.
EAN-13
13-digit barcode used worldwide for retail product identification.
精选EAN-8
Compact 8-digit barcode for small products with limited space.
Code 39
Variable-length alphanumeric barcode for letters and digits.
精选Code 128
High-density barcode encoding all 128 ASCII characters.
精选Code 93
Higher-density improvement of Code 39 with dual check characters.
科达巴码
Self-checking barcode for libraries, blood banks, and airbills.
ITF-14
14-digit barcode for outer cartons and shipping containers.
GS1-128
Code 128 subset with GS1 Application Identifiers for supply chains.
精选GS1数据条
Compact barcode family for produce, coupons, and small items.
交插25码
Numeric-only barcode encoding digit pairs for logistics.
MSI普莱西码
Inventory control barcode for shelf labels and warehouse racking.
药用条码
Pharmaceutical packaging barcode for production error detection.
POSTNET
US Postal barcode encoding ZIP codes for automated mail sorting.
二维与矩阵符号体系
10Terms for two-dimensional and matrix barcode formats that encode data in patterns of squares, dots, or hexagons.
数据矩阵码
2D matrix barcode storing up to 2,335 characters compactly.
精选PDF417
Stacked barcode for IDs, shipping labels, and boarding passes.
精选阿兹特克码
2D barcode with bullseye pattern, no quiet zone needed.
麦克西码
Fixed-size 2D barcode with hexagonal modules by UPS.
点阵码
2D barcode using disconnected dots for high-speed inkjet printing.
汉信码
Chinese 2D barcode supporting native character encoding.
GS1数据矩阵
Data Matrix with GS1 AIs for pharma and food traceability.
精选微型PDF417
Compact PDF417 variant for small items and components.
GS1复合码
Linear barcode plus 2D composite for extra encoded data.
二维码
2D matrix barcode encoding up to 7,089 numeric characters.
精选条码结构与解析
15The physical components and structural elements that make up a barcode symbol.
条
Dark line element in a barcode that encodes data by width.
空
Light gap between bars that carries encoded data.
模块
Narrowest bar or space; the basic unit of barcode width.
精选X尺寸
Width of the narrowest bar or space; fundamental sizing unit.
精选静区
Required blank margin on both sides of a barcode.
精选起始字符
Opening pattern identifying symbology and scan direction.
终止字符
Closing pattern signaling the decoder to stop reading.
保护条
Fixed patterns framing data in EAN/UPC barcodes.
校验位
Calculated digit appended to barcode data for error detection.
精选人工可读文本
Printed text below a barcode for manual entry backup.
承载条
Thick border preventing edge misreads, common on ITF-14.
字符集
Characters a symbology can encode: numeric, alpha, or ASCII.
自校验
Symbology property ensuring single print errors are detectable.
宽窄比
Width ratio of wide to narrow elements in two-width barcodes.
符号体系
Rules defining how data is encoded into bars and spaces.
精选GS1标准与标识符
15Global Standards One (GS1) identifiers, data structures, and numbering systems for supply chain identification.
GS1
Global standards body for barcodes, GTINs, and supply chains.
精选GTIN
Unique numeric product identifier encoded in EAN/UPC barcodes.
精选GTIN-8
8-digit product identifier for EAN-8 barcodes.
GTIN-12
12-digit product identifier for UPC-A barcodes in North America.
GTIN-13
13-digit product identifier for EAN-13, the global standard.
GTIN-14
14-digit identifier for ITF-14 barcodes on cases and pallets.
GS1企业前缀
Unique GS1-assigned number forming the start of product GTINs.
精选应用标识符
2-4 digit prefix defining data type in GS1-128 barcodes.
精选SSCC
18-digit GS1 identifier for pallets and shipping containers.
GLN
13-digit GS1 identifier for locations and business entities.
GS1数字链接
Web URI standard enabling QR codes to replace traditional barcodes.
精选FNC1
Special character marking GS1-formatted data in barcodes.
GS1通用规范
Comprehensive GS1 document defining all barcode standards.
NDC
US FDA 10-digit drug identifier encoded in barcodes.
UDI
FDA system requiring barcodes on medical devices for tracking.
校验位与验证
10Algorithms and techniques for calculating and verifying barcode check digits to ensure data integrity.
校验位算法
Math formula calculating verification digits for error detection.
精选模10
Most common check digit algorithm, used by EAN/UPC barcodes.
精选模43
Code 39 check digit algorithm dividing character sums by 43.
模103
Code 128 check digit using weighted positional values mod 103.
加权和
Digit calculation using position-dependent multiplier weights.
数字校验
Recalculating a check digit to confirm data integrity.
误读
Scanner decoding incorrect data; detected by check digits.
首次读取率
Percentage of successful reads on the first scan attempt.
解码率
Overall success percentage across multiple scan attempts.
未读取
Failed scan where the barcode cannot be decoded at all.
扫描技术
12Hardware and software technologies used to read and decode barcode symbols.
激光扫描仪
Scanner using a swept laser beam to read reflected light.
精选CCD 扫描仪
Scanner using a CCD sensor array with no moving parts.
区域成像仪
Camera-based scanner reading 1D and 2D barcodes from any angle.
精选全向扫描仪
Scanner reading barcodes regardless of orientation.
移动扫描
Using smartphone cameras to scan barcodes via apps.
精选景深
Distance range for successful barcode scanner reads.
扫描线
Path of the laser or sensor across a barcode during reading.
反射率
Percentage of light reflected by bars and spaces.
印刷对比信号
Reflectance difference between spaces and bars (PCS formula).
解码算法
Software converting captured light patterns into barcode data.
感应式扫描仪
Fixed-mount hands-free scanner for retail checkout counters.
手持式扫描笔
Pen-like contact scanner; the earliest barcode reader type.
印刷与质量
12Barcode printing methods, materials, and quality assessment standards.
热转印打印
Heat-ribbon printing producing durable, high-quality barcodes.
精选热敏打印
Heat-sensitive paper printing for temporary barcode labels.
喷墨条码打印
Inkjet printing for industrial case coding and production.
激光蚀刻
Permanent barcode marking on metal, glass, or plastic via laser.
ISO/IEC 15416
International standard grading linear barcode print quality A-F.
精选ISO/IEC 15415
International standard for 2D barcode print quality grading.
条码验证仪
Device grading barcode print quality per ISO standards.
放大倍率
Barcode scaling factor relative to nominal size (80%-200%).
截断
Reducing barcode height below spec, risking scan reliability.
条宽缩减
Narrowing bars in prepress to compensate for ink spread.
油墨扩散
Printed bars widening from ink absorption, affecting readability.
基材
Material a barcode is printed on, affecting print quality.
零售与供应链
12Barcode applications in retail point-of-sale, inventory management, and supply chain operations.
销售点
Retail checkout system scanning barcodes for pricing.
精选SKU
Retailer's internal product identifier, distinct from GTIN.
PLU码
4-5 digit number for fresh produce at retail checkout.
优惠券条码
Barcode encoding coupon value and manufacturer for POS redemption.
EAN附加码
2- or 5-digit add-on for periodicals and book pricing.
箱体标记
Barcoding outer shipping cases for warehouse operations.
托盘标签
GS1-128 label on pallets encoding SSCC and product data.
越库作业
Logistics process redirecting scanned goods without storage.
EDI
Automated business communication triggered by barcode events.
预先发货通知
Pre-delivery EDI document with scannable SSCC data.
收货扫描
Scanning incoming shipments to update and verify inventory.
库存损耗
Inventory loss from theft, damage, or scan errors.
医疗与制药
12Barcode systems for patient safety, drug traceability, and medical device identification.
HIBC
Healthcare barcode standard predating GS1 in hospitals.
FMD
EU regulation requiring serialized 2D barcodes on drug packaging.
精选序列化
Assigning unique serial numbers to products for track-and-trace.
精选聚合
Linking individual item barcodes to their shipping containers.
药品溯源档案
Record of each drug custody transfer verified by barcode scans.
DSCSA
US law requiring barcode serialization of pharmaceuticals.
精选床边扫描
Scanning wristband and medication barcodes to prevent errors.
腕带条码
Patient wristband barcode for hospital identification.
标本标记
Barcoding blood samples and lab specimens to prevent errors.
血库条码
ISBT 128 barcodes on blood products encoding donation data.
疫苗条码
GS1 DataMatrix on vaccine vials encoding NDC and lot data.
手术器械条码
Laser-etched Data Matrix on instruments for sterilization tracking.
物流与仓储
10Barcode-driven processes in warehouse management, shipping, and last-mile delivery.
仓库管理
Barcode-driven inventory, picking, packing, and shipping.
精选亮灯拣货
Barcode scanning with illuminated pick locations.
位置条码
Barcodes on shelves and bins encoding storage location IDs.
循环盘点
Periodic barcode-scanned verification of selected inventory.
波次拣货
Processing multiple orders simultaneously via barcode scanning.
最后一公里追踪
Barcode scanning at each stage from warehouse to doorstep.
交货证明
Electronic delivery confirmation via barcode scans and signatures.
分拣
Automated conveyor routing packages via barcode scanning.
体积重量
Shipping cost calculation from package dimensions.
语音拣货
Voice-directed picking with barcode scan verification.
标准与法规
12International standards organizations and regulatory frameworks governing barcode implementation.
ISO/IEC
Joint body publishing international barcode standards.
AIM 国际
Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility standards.
ANSI
US standards body that adopted barcode symbology standards.
GS1成员组织
National GS1 affiliates assigning company prefixes locally.
日出日期
GS1 deadline for mandatory new barcode format acceptance.
合规标签
Meeting barcode labeling requirements to avoid chargebacks.
退款罚款
Retailer penalty for non-compliant or unreadable barcodes.
数据载体
Physical barcode symbol carrying encoded data.
符号体系标识符
Scanner-transmitted prefix identifying the barcode type read.
自动识别
Technology category: barcodes, RFID, NFC, and biometrics.
数据结构
Defined format and meaning of barcode-encoded data.
应用标准
Industry-specific barcode rules like HIBC or AIAG standards.
历史与创新
15Key milestones, inventions, and innovations in the evolution of barcode technology.
伍德兰德和西尔弗专利
1949 US patent describing the first barcode concept.
精选牛眼条码
Original 1949 circular barcode inspired by Morse code.
首次UPC扫描
June 26, 1974: first product barcode scan in Troy, Ohio.
精选IBM与条码
George Laurer at IBM designed UPC-A in 1973.
电装波2D创新
DENSO WAVE invented QR Code in 1994 for consumer use.
UPS与麦克西码
UPS developed MaxiCode in 1992 for package sorting.
专项委员会
1970s committee that selected UPC from competing proposals.
激光扫描发明
1970s HeNe laser scanners enabling high-speed barcode reading.
GS1成立
2005 merger of EAN International and UCC into GS1.
日出2005
2005 deadline requiring scanners to read both UPC-A and EAN-13.
二维码发展历程
1980s-1990s development of PDF417, Data Matrix, and QR codes.
RFID与条码比较
Ongoing comparison of RFID tags versus barcodes for Auto-ID.
GS1数字链接未来
GS1 initiative replacing barcodes with QR-based web URIs by 2027.
移动商务与条码
Barcode transformation via smartphone scanning and mobile payments.
可持续条码
Eco-friendly barcoding with recycled labels and soy-based inks.
常见问题
条形码术语表涵盖哪些内容？
术语表定义了12个类别中150多个条形码术语，包括码制、编码算法、打印规格和GS1标准。
什么是条形码码制？
条形码码制是特定的编码标准，定义了用于在条形码中表示数据的条和空的图案。
一维条形码与二维条形码有什么区别？
一维条形码在水平条宽中编码数据；二维条形码在水平和垂直图案中编码数据，可存储更多信息。
条形码中的静默区是什么？
静默区是条形码每侧所需的空白边距，使扫描器能够将其与周围内容区分开来。